Peb paub tias raws li qhov chaw sib txawv, kev tshawb nrhiav roj yuav tsum xaiv lub tswb ntsuas roj thiab ntsuas roj.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kaw, xws li cov dej, kev ua liaj ua teb kaw granaries, railway tank tsheb, tunnels thiab lwm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm, cov pa phem uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg lub cev, yog li ua ntej cov neeg ua hauj lwm nkag mus rau hauv lub confined qhov chaw, cov pa phem gases nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. qhov chaw yuav tsum tau kuaj.
1. Kev taw qhia txog cov pa phem hauv kuv li.
Cov pa phem hauv kuv yog hais txog cov pa phem rau tib neeg lub cev hauv kuv. Feem ntau yog carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia thiab lwm yam khoom tawg (xws li biogas (methane), hydrogen thiab methane homologues (ethane, propane, thiab lwm yam)). Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa phem hauv cov mines yog biogas. Cov pa phem hauv kuv cov huab cua yog qhov tsis zoo rau lub neej kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv av. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov pa phem feem ntau tau hais meej meej hauv "Cov Cai". Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai rau cov pa phem hauv kuv cov huab cua yog raws li hauv qab no:
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm CO yog 24ppm
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm NO2 yog 2.5ppm
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm SO2 yog 5ppm
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm NH3 yog 40ppm
Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai H2S yog 6.6ppm
2. Toxicity ntawm cov pa phem rau tib neeg lub cev thiab nws qhov chaw.
Cov pa roj carbon monoxide (CO)
Kev puas tsuaj loj: Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab heme hauv tib neeg cov ntshav yog 250 txog 300 npaug ntau dua li cov pa oxygen. (Heme yog lub cell uas nqa oxygen thiab emits carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav) Thaum cov pa roj carbon monoxide nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, nws thawj zaug ua ke nrog heme nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, yog li txo lub sij hawm rau heme mus ua ke nrog oxygen, kom heme poob lub kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xa oxygen, ua rau tib neeg cov ntshav "asphyxia".
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Cov phom sij tseem ceeb: hydrogen sulfide yog tshuaj lom thiab muaj zog stimulating nyhuv; tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem oxidation lom, kom tib neeg lub cev tsis muaj oxygen. Thaum lub concentration ntawm hydrogen sulfide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog tsawg, nws yog tsuas yog tshwm sim los ntawm corrosion stimulation, thiab thaum lub concentration yog siab, nws yuav ua tau sai coma los yog tuag.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Nitrogen dioxide yog cov roj maroon liab nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, qhov txheeb ze ntawm 1.59, thiab yooj yim soluble hauv dej.
Cov phom sij tseem ceeb: nitrogen dioxide yaj hauv dej ua rau muaj corrosive nitric acid, uas muaj zog stimulation thiab corrosion nyhuv ntawm lub qhov muag, ua pa mucosa thiab ntsws, nitrogen dioxide lom muaj ib tug incubation lub sij hawm, thiab cov ntiv tes tshuaj lom tshwm daj me ntsis.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Sulfur dioxide tsis muaj xim, muaj zog sulfur tsw thiab qaub saj, thiab tuaj yeem hnov tsw hauv huab cua thaum qhov concentration nce mus txog 0.0005%. Nws qhov txheeb ze ntom ntom yog 2.22 thiab nws yooj yim soluble hauv dej.
Cov phom sij tseem ceeb: Sulfuric acid yog tsim tom qab kev sib cuag nrog dej, uas muaj zog stimulating nyhuv ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov muag thiab ua pa system, thiab yuav ua rau laryngitis thiab pulmonary edema. Thaum cov concentration nce mus txog {{0}}.002%, lub qhov muag thiab cov pa hauv nruab nrog cev muaj zog stimulation; Thaum cov concentration nce mus txog 0.05%, nws tuag nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv.
Cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv ib lub mine sawv cev rau ntau yam kev phom sij. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no, nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hauv av nrhiav kom pom, ntau hom roj sensors yuav raug teeb tsa, thiab cov roj sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov concentration yuav raug kuaj pom los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom siv roj sib txawv kom ntseeg tau tias kuv cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb.